What are bulging veins?

A vein that stands out from the skin is hard to ignore, and it raises the fair question of what you are looking at.
Which veins count as bulging
On what bulging veins are, my.clevelandclinic.org states: "Bulging veins are visible and enlarged veins that are close to the surface of your skin." Two things define them in that description: they can be seen, and they are enlarged.
Where the neighboring vein guides fit
Bulging veins sit near other vein topics, and my.clevelandclinic.org has guides to venous disease and to varicose veins. Read both before deciding which label fits what you see.
Getting the vein looked at
Do not self-diagnose from a description. If you are in Mokena or New Lenox Township, ask a clinician to look at the vein and tell you what it is, so any treatment discussion starts from a named condition.